Chemotherapy involves different methods like oral medications, injections, and other delivery systems; learn about the common side effects, such as pain, hair loss, nausea, and how these are managed.
Okay, feeling a bit overwhelmed figuring out what to expect from chemotherapy? You’re not alone, and we’re going to break it all down, step by step!
We’ll take a closer look at the methods for administering chemotherapy and its possible side effects, so you understand the treatment better, okay?
Let’s get started!
What Is Chemotherapy?
Forms of chemotherapy include:
1. Oral route
Many chemo drugs can be taken orally, either as pills, capsules, or liquids. This form is often preferred because it’s convenient for many patients. They don’t have to schlep to the clinic as often, and can manage their meds more flexibly.
On the upside, this method’s great for those who can’t easily get to a hospital or clinic. It gives them more independence but it requires diligence and consistency. Think about people who have trouble swallowing or those with severe nausea; this might not be the best route for them. It really comes down to the individual and what they can handle.
2. Subcutaneous injections
One form of chemo involves injecting the medicine under the skin, kinda like a small shot. It uses a short needle, similar to what’s used for insulin injections for folks with diabetes, without needing to pierce deep into muscle tissue. This method is used for specific types of treatments.
3. Intra-muscular injections
This form involves a longer needle that goes deep into the muscle tissue allowing the medicine to be absorbed more quickly. It is a faster and more reliable absorption method than oral, and even subcutaneous injections. It gets the drug into your system faster than swallowing a pill or a shot under the skin.
This method is useful for patients who struggle with nausea, because they cannot keep oral medication down.
4. (IV) Intravenous
Chemo can be given directly into your vein via a continuous or intermittent drip. Sometimes, a small device is implanted to make repeated access easier. This is useful when frequent treatments are needed. We’ve noticed that a lot of people find the idea of a port concerning; it seems invasive, but in reality, it can make treatment much easier in the long run by sparing your veins from multiple pokes.
This method is often preferred because it is the most effective and immediate. Chemo drugs get right into your bloodstream.
5. Lumbar puncture
A lumbar puncture is a method of chemo administration that’s common in treating blood cancers, especially. The chemo is injected into the spinal fluid. This is more invasive compared to other methods, since it involves directly accessing the fluid around the brain and spinal cord, which are very sensitive areas.
6. The Ommaya reservoir
This small device is an alternative to a lumbar puncture for treating certain types of cancers, particularly those affecting the brain. It’s surgically implanted under the scalp and connects to a tube that goes into the fluid-filled spaces of the brain. This allows for direct injection of chemo drugs into the brain, which can be super helpful in cases where the cancer’s tough to reach.
The reservoir is surgically placed under the scalp and connected to the ventricles of the brain. It can be injected directly when chemo is needed.
In certain cases of leukemia, it is easier to administer chemotherapy directly into the ventricles. It prevents the need to repeat outside injections.
7. Intra-arterial
Intra-arterial injection is a method that targets the tumor directly. The goal is to minimize the impact on the rest of the body. Compared to intravenous, chemo is directly injected into the artery leading to the tumor to deliver drugs faster. This is used in instances of:
- Skin cancer.
- Colon cancer.
- Pancreatic cancer.
- Liver cancer.
This method is not always successful in completely curing the patient, but it can be used on tumors that have not spread.
Side Effects of Chemotherapy
After understanding the forms of chemo, let’s explore the possible side effects.
Chemo affects cancer cells, but because it can’t always differentiate perfectly between those and healthy cells, it can unfortunately impact the latter too. This is why side effects happen. I remember my aunt telling me once about how tired she felt after her treatments, and how her sense of taste changed; it really brought home how impactful these drugs are on the whole system. Some common side effects include:
1. Pain
Patients may experience pain during chemo in different areas of the body, and it depends on the dosage, such as:
- Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs.
- Opioid drugs.
2. Hair loss
Hair loss is one of the most well-known side effects of chemo. The degree of hair loss can depend on the type of chemo drugs used. This can affect hair on the head, face, and other areas.
Hair loss due to chemo is usually temporary and regrows some time after stopping treatment. The hair usually grows back after treatment is over.
3. Depression
Depression is a disease that is not always connected to chemo. It’s important to stay positive and have support when feeling down.
Advice and guidance are the first defense against these feelings. It’s important to not use antidepressants, unless approved by a doctor.
4. Nausea and vomiting
Nausea and vomiting can be controlled using anti-emetics. For severe cases, it’s essential to alter the diet to smaller, more frequent meals with bland, easily digestible foods. We should also remember to hydrate.
5. Diarrhea or constipation
These are common side effects when undergoing chemo. They can be managed with changes to diet or medications.
6. Reduced blood cell counts
Chemo affects the bone marrow, where blood cells are made, leading to:
- Anemia.
- Increased risk of infection and illness.
- Easy bleeding, causing wounds throughout the body and a lack of platelets.
7. Organ failure
Chemo can also lead to organ failure, especially in the:
- Heart.
- Lungs.
- Kidneys.
8. Infertility
Some forms of chemo can cause infertility. To prevent it, use safe contraception.
9. Tumor lysis syndrome
This syndrome can occur when cancer cells release their contents into the bloodstream. Common among blood cancer and lymphatic cancer patients. This affects:
- The heart.
- The kidneys.
Sometimes, people struggling with the disease reach out to online communities for tips on managing side effects or finding emotional support, and I think it’s great that people are finding ways to connect and share experiences.
It’s also worth noting that there are integrative therapies that people explore alongside chemo, like acupuncture or certain dietary changes, aiming to manage symptoms and boost well-being. However, it’s so important to have an open chat with your healthcare team about anything like this, ensuring it’s safe and won’t mess with your treatment plan.
Key takeaways
- Chemotherapy is administered in various forms, including oral medications, injections (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-arterial), lumbar punctures, and devices like the Ommaya reservoir.
- Common side effects of chemotherapy include pain, hair loss, depression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, reduced blood cell counts, organ failure, infertility, and tumor lysis syndrome.
- Managing these side effects often involves a combination of medications, dietary adjustments, lifestyle changes, and supportive therapies, always under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
FAQ, Myth & Facts
Will I definitely lose all my hair?
Not necessarily. Hair loss is a common side effect, but it depends on the specific chemo drugs being used. Some people experience complete hair loss, while others might only notice thinning. Talk to your doctor about what to expect.
Can I continue working during chemotherapy?
It depends on your job and how you’re feeling. Some people can continue working with adjustments, while others need to take time off. It’s important to prioritize your health and discuss options with your employer.
Is chemotherapy always a cure for cancer?
No, chemotherapy isn’t always a cure. Its effectiveness depends on the type of cancer, how advanced it is, and other individual factors. It can sometimes cure cancer, control its growth, or alleviate symptoms.
Are there any natural ways to reduce side effects?
Some people find relief from side effects through complementary therapies like acupuncture, meditation, or certain dietary changes. However, it’s crucial to discuss these with your doctor to ensure they don’t interfere with your treatment.
Can I eat whatever I want during chemotherapy?
While there’s no specific “chemo diet,” eating a balanced and nutritious diet can help manage side effects. Your doctor might recommend certain dietary adjustments based on your individual needs. I always tell my friend to go to dietary consultant for personalized advise.
Testimonials
I was really scared when I was diagnosed, but my medical team was so supportive. They explained everything clearly, and while the chemo was tough, I felt like I had a good handle on what was happening. The side effects were definitely challenging, but knowing what to expect helped a lot.
The worst part for me was the hair loss. I know it sounds superficial, but it really affected my self-esteem. But then I realized it was just hair, and it would grow back. I found some great headscarves and focused on staying positive. The fatigue was tough too, but I learned to listen to my body and rest when I needed to.
What helped me most was connecting with other people going through the same thing. Sharing experiences and getting advice from people who understood was invaluable. We laughed, we cried, and we supported each other through the tough times.
Going through something like this can feel like navigating a maze, so hopefully, this article has helped shine a light on what chemo entails. It’s not just about the drugs; it’s about understanding your options, knowing what to expect, and finding the support you need. Remember, knowledge is power, and you’ve got this!
